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Gauge Maker Tolerance

We were looking at the idea of using the CMM to verify some of our gauges that we normally have to send out to be measured. According to the chart for gauge tolerances, the X and XX gauges we have need to be measured to 0.0005mm!

Does anyone here know what kind of instruments they use to actually measure those things? By the rule of ten the instrument would need to be able to measure on the order of 50 nanometers!
I can't picture a scenario where something that small can be measured with any level of certainty.